Centralized Software-Defined Networking (cSDN) offers flexible and programmable control of networks but suffers from scalability and reliability issues due to its reliance on centralized controllers. Decentralized SDN (dSDN) alleviates these concerns by distributing control across multiple local controllers, yet this architecture remains highly vulnerable to Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel detection and mitigation framework tailored for dSDN environments. The framework leverages lightweight port-level statistics combined with prompt engineering and in-context learning, enabling the DeepSeek-v3 Large Language Model (LLM) to classify traffic as benign or malicious without requiring fine-tuning or retraining. Once an anomaly is detected, mitigation is enforced directly at the attacker's port, ensuring that malicious traffic is blocked at their origin while normal traffic remains unaffected. An automatic recovery mechanism restores normal operation after the attack inactivity, ensuring both security and availability. Experimental evaluation under diverse DDoS attack scenarios demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves near-perfect detection, with 99.99% accuracy, 99.97% precision, 100% recall, 99.98% F1-score, and an AUC of 1.0. These results highlight the effectiveness of combining distributed monitoring with zero-training LLM inference, providing a proactive and scalable defense mechanism for securing dSDN infrastructures against DDoS threats.

Addition and scalar multiplication are defined in the obvious way by pa,b q ` λ pc,d q: " p a ` λc,b ` λd q for a,c P H, b,d P p H and λ P C . 'size' by what is called the operator norm, denoted by } } We may then write f " In this case we write R pz, q " p z q It is a standard exercise to show that this is independent of the choice of orthonormal basis. To streamline the argumentation let us first introduce some notation: 18 Notation C.2. Lemma A.1), we find a To investigate the example of Figure 3, we label the vertices of the respective graphs as depicted in Figure 6. Such operators are positive and hence | | " (similarly for r). " 0. Next we note }Jf } " J and determine Ă J It remains to establish (9).

Understanding the dynamics of counseling conversations is an important task, yet it is a challenging NLP problem regardless of the recent advance of Transformer-based pre-trained language models. This paper proposes a systematic approach to examine the efficacy of domain knowledge and large language models (LLMs) in better representing conversations between a crisis counselor and a help seeker. We empirically show that state-of-the-art language models such as Transformer-based models and GPT models fail to predict the conversation outcome. To provide richer context to conversations, we incorporate human-annotated domain knowledge and LLM-generated features; simple integration of domain knowledge and LLM features improves the model performance by approximately 15%. We argue that both domain knowledge and LLM-generated features can be exploited to better characterize counseling conversations when they are used as an additional context to conversations.

-- S alient object detection (SOD) in panoramic video is still in the initial exploration stage. The indirect application of 2D video SOD method to the detection of salient objects in panoramic video has many unmet challenges, such as low detection accuracy, hi gh model complexity, and poor generalization performance. To overcome these hurdles, we design an I nter - L ayer A ttention (ILA) module, an I nter - L ayer weight (ILW) module, and a B i - M odal A ttention (BMA) module. Based on these modules, we propose a Spati al - Te mporal D ual - M ode M ixed F low N etwork (STDMMF - Net) that exploits the spatial flow of panoramic video and the corresponding optical flow for SOD. First, the ILA module calculates the attention between adjacent level features of consecutive frames of panoramic video to improve the accuracy of extracting salient object features from the spatial flow. Then, the ILW module quantifies the salient object information contained in the features of each level to improve the fusion efficiency of the features of each level in the mixed flow. Finally, the BMA module improves the detection accuracy of STDMMF - Net. A large number of subjective and objective experimental results testify that the proposed method demonstrates better detection accuracy than the state - of - the - art (SOTA) methods . Moreover, the comprehensive performance of the proposed method is better in terms of memory required for model inference, testing time, complexity, and generalization performa nce. I NTRODUCTION he main goal of video salient object detection (SOD) is to find the most eye - catching object s in videos [1], [2], [3] .

Accurate prediction of battery health is essential for real-world system management and lab-based experiment design. However, building a life-prediction model from different cycling conditions is still a challenge. Large lifetime variability results from both cycling conditions and initial manufacturing variability, and this -- along with the limited experimental resources usually available for each cycling condition -- makes data-driven lifetime prediction challenging. Here, a hierarchical Bayesian linear model is proposed for battery life prediction, combining both individual cell features (reflecting manufacturing variability) with population-wide features (reflecting the impact of cycling conditions on the population average). The individual features were collected from the first 100 cycles of data, which is around 5-10% of lifetime. The model is able to predict end of life with a root mean square error of 3.2 days and mean absolute percentage error of 8.6%, measured through 5-fold cross-validation, overperforming the baseline (non-hierarchical) model by around 12-13%.

In this paper a deep learning architecture is presented that can, in real time, detect the 2D locations of certain landmarks of physical tools, such as a hammer or screwdriver. To avoid the labor of manual labeling, the network is trained on synthetically generated data. Training computer vision models on computer generated images, while still achieving good accuracy on real images, is a challenge due to the difference in domain. The proposed method uses an advanced rendering method in combination with transfer learning and an intermediate supervision architecture to address this problem. It is shown that the model presented in this paper, named Intermediate Heatmap Model (IHM), generalizes to real images when trained on synthetic data. To avoid the need for an exact textured 3D model of the tool in question, it is shown that the model will generalize to an unseen tool when trained on a set of different 3D models of the same type of tool. IHM is compared to two existing approaches to keypoint detection and it is shown that it outperforms those at detecting tool landmarks, trained on synthetic data.

Image binarization techniques are being popularly used in enhancement of noisy and/or degraded images catering different Document Image Anlaysis (DIA) applications like word spotting, document retrieval, and OCR. Most of the existing techniques focus on feeding pixel images into the Convolution Neural Networks to accomplish document binarization, which may not produce effective results when working with compressed images that need to be processed without full decompression. Therefore in this research paper, the idea of document image binarization directly using JPEG compressed stream of document images is proposed by employing Dual Discriminator Generative Adversarial Networks (DD-GANs). Here the two discriminator networks - Global and Local work on different image ratios and use focal loss as generator loss. The proposed model has been thoroughly tested with different versions of DIBCO dataset having challenges like holes, erased or smudged ink, dust, and misplaced fibres. The model proved to be highly robust, efficient both in terms of time and space complexities, and also resulted in state-of-the-art performance in JPEG compressed domain.

Check out my GitHub for a working style transfer codebase. A question I'm sure you never thought of asking. Unless of course you and a friend have just watched iRobot at 4am. Nevertheless, here we are… in a world where machines are dreaming away… kind of. The good news is that you don't need to be worried.

Typical high quality text-to-speech (TTS) systems today use a two-stage architecture, with a spectrum model stage that generates spectral frames and a vocoder stage that generates the actual audio. High-quality spectrum models usually incorporate the encoder-decoder architecture with self-attention or bi-directional long short-term (BLSTM) units. While these models can produce high quality speech, they often incur O($L$) increase in both latency and real-time factor (RTF) with respect to input length $L$. In other words, longer inputs leads to longer delay and slower synthesis speed, limiting its use in real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a multi-rate attention architecture that breaks the latency and RTF bottlenecks by computing a compact representation during encoding and recurrently generating the attention vector in a streaming manner during decoding. The proposed architecture achieves high audio quality (MOS of 4.31 compared to groundtruth 4.48), low latency, and low RTF at the same time. Meanwhile, both latency and RTF of the proposed system stay constant regardless of input lengths, making it ideal for real-time applications.